Cultural Appropriation

The issue of 'cultural appropriation', where cultural elements are taken from the context of their society and reused in a new context, often as part of an academic or commodified 'product' is a phenomenon that happens more often than not.

This can be harmless, but in other cases leads to a complete misinterpretation of the source culture, can infringe religious customs and in other cases is blatant theft of intellectual property. Yet other cultures, too, have sophisticated views of knowledge, e.g. in Bali knowledge is 'knowing and remembering as the act of agents', i.e. is involves action and work, the ability to do, rather than just an abstract collection of information and is often incorporated in sophisticated art, music, dance and religious rituals. This is a dynamic culture which has been able to take on, integrate and use diverse influences (Hindu, Buddhist, Islamic, European), and turn back and enter into a humorous debate with the world, often using three languages in one performance (e.g. Javanese, Indonesia and English). Certain elements of the dance-music culture are readily adapted to tourist needs, but fortunately the broader culture which sustains these artistic products remains vital and only partly reliant on the tourist dollar. Likewise, tourist money and UNESCO funds have helped restore and maintain major monuments around the world, e.g. Buddhist sites in Sri Lanka, which has balanced the needs of locals and visitors to some degree. Not all other cultures, especially indigenous ones, have retained such a relative balance, and in many cases indigenous communities have to struggle to reclaim a heritage and culture from extinction or destructive exploitation. In many cases, the culture and its 'relics' are plundered, with specialists hoping to 'master the other culture'.

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